The dream of buying a piece of land and building a home is deeply embedded in the American psyche. It is kind of like apple pie and baseball. The idea of owning land has become a symbol of freedom and opportunity. Buying land gives you the opportunity to build your dream home from the ground up. But unlike a standard home purchase, buying land comes with complexities. These complexities include zoning restrictions, utility costs, financing hurdels and possible environmental red tape. Before you buy it is important to understand what can actually be done with the land that you are interested in.
Due diligence
It is important to do your homework. The number one pitfall that can occur is that you can’t use the land for what you wanted to use it for. When looking at land, it is best to work on the idea that the land is completely unbuildable unless your research and due diligence shows otherwise. Don’t assume anything. All this means reviewing local ordinances for setbacks, height limits, ability to obtain affordable utilities to the property. The property should be surveyed. Doing your due diligence is important. It can make the difference between knowing you are purchasing a usable piece of land and making a big mistake. Let’s look into what should be included in yoru due diligence.
Zoning and permitted use
Verify exactly what can and cannot be built on the land. Not all land labeled as residential will allow for single family homes, for example. The land may have set backs that make it impossible to build a home that you are wanting in the building envelop. It is wise to consider using a land-use attorney to review all documents.
Access
The land isn’t worth much if you cannot legally reach it. It is important to verify that you have recorded legal access, through the use of a road or recorded easement. Also, in Colorado, access can mean that you can reach the property given any type of weather. For example, can you get to the property in the winter time when you would like to spend time there. It is is only accessible part of the year, are you still interested in the land?
Utilities
What will it cost to bring utilities to the property? If public water is not available, what will it cost to drill a well? Also can you provide septic on the property or is municipal sewer an available option. If a septic system is required, it will be important to do a percolation test. This will test to see that wastewater can be absorb by the land. If the soil cannot absorb the wastewater, your ability to build on the land could be denied.
Survey and boundaries
Know what you are buying. It will be important to know where the property lines are. Do not depend on the sellers old survey or tax maps. Spend the money to have a new survey completed on the property. Once the survey is completed you should be able to identify encroachments. Additionally the survey should ensure that the legal description matches the land that you are wanting to purchase.
Environmental assessments
The last thing to check can be considered the most important. A Phase I environmental assessment and possibly a Phase II along with geotechnical testing can be use to uncover conditions that can negatively impact building on the land you would like to purchase. These different tests screen for issues like contamination, soil instability or the possibility of subsurface items that could make building on the land unsafe or too expensive.
As you can see, buying land is not like buying a house. There is research that must be done to ensure that you can use the property the way that you intended. Since this is the case, it is important to take your time. Do your due diligence and make sure that you can live your dream on your land.